What type of observation is required when a wind shift occurs?

When a wind shift occurs, a SPECI observation is required. A SPECI is a type of aviation weather report that is issued to provide updates on significant changes in weather conditions that occur between regular METAR observations, which are typically issued at least once an hour. A wind shift is considered a significant change, especially in aviation operations where wind direction and intensity can greatly impact flight safety and performance.

This reporting ensures that pilots and air traffic controllers are informed of conditions that could affect flight operations, such as changes in wind direction that may influence takeoff and landing patterns. Consequently, a SPECI allows for timely and relevant updates reflecting the most current conditions, maintaining safety and operational efficiency in aviation.